Physical Constants¶
Contents¶
Introduction¶
The constants from GSL are reworked with the type const double
and
placed in namespaces called o2scl_mks,
o2scl_cgs, and o2scl_mksa The GSL MKSA constants are identical to the
MKS constants and thus are not duplicated here. The numerical
constants from gsl_num
and some other additional constants
are given in the namespace o2scl_const,
Some of the numerical values have been updated from recently released data. Electron, neutron, proton, and atomic mass have been updated with CODATA 2018 values. Also electron charge, gravitational constant, plancks_constant_hbar, are updated. The astronomical unit has been updated with the result from ref Luzum11 (and possibly other values need updating as well).
These physical constants are often used to create unit conversion factors, described in Unit Conversions.
Namespace o2scl_const¶
-
namespace
o2scl_const
¶ Constants.
CODATA 2014 values were from [Mohr16] and previous versions contained constants from [Luzum11] and [Mohr12] .
CODATA 2018 values are from physics.nist.gov/constants. IAU 2015 values are the nominal values from arXiv:1510.07674 and arXiv:1605.09788 .
Squared electron charge
-
const double
e2_gaussian
= o2scl_const::hc_mev_fm * o2scl_const::fine_structure¶ Electron charge squared in Gaussian units (derived)
In Gaussian Units:
\[\begin{split}\begin{eqnarray*} &\vec{\nabla} \cdot \vec{E} = 4 \pi \rho \, , \quad \vec{E}=-\vec{\nabla} \Phi \, , \quad \nabla^2 \Phi = - 4 \pi \rho \, , &\\& F=\frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2} \, , \quad W=\frac{1}{2} \int \rho V d^3 x =\frac{1}{8 \pi} \int | \vec{E} |^2 d^3 x \, , \quad \alpha=\frac{e^2}{\hbar c}=\frac{1}{137}& \end{eqnarray*}\end{split}\]
-
const double
e2_hlorentz
= o2scl_const::fine_structure * 4.0 * pi¶ Electron charge sqaured in Heaviside-Lorentz units where \(\hbar=c=1\) (derived)
In Heaviside-Lorentz units:
\[\begin{split}\begin{eqnarray*} &\vec{\nabla} \cdot \vec{E} = \rho \, , \quad \vec{E}=-\vec{\nabla} \Phi \, , \quad \nabla^2 \Phi = - \rho \, , &\\& F=\frac{q_1 q_2}{4 \pi r^2} \, , \quad W=\frac{1}{2} \int \rho V d^3 x =\frac{1}{2} \int | \vec{E} |^2 d^3 x \, , \quad \alpha=\frac{e^2}{4 \pi}=\frac{1}{137}& \end{eqnarray*}\end{split}\]
-
const double
e2_mks
= o2scl_mks::electron_charge¶ Electron charge squared in SI(MKS) units (derived)
In MKS units:
\[\begin{split}\begin{eqnarray*} &\vec{\nabla} \cdot \vec{E} = \rho \, , \quad \vec{E}=-\vec{\nabla} \Phi \, , \quad \nabla^2 \Phi = - \rho \, , &\\& F=\frac{1}{4 \pi \varepsilon_0}\frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2} \, , \quad W=\frac{1}{2} \int \rho V d^3 x =\frac{\varepsilon_0}{2} \int | \vec{E} |^2 d^3 x \, , \quad \alpha=\frac{e^2}{4 \pi \varepsilon_0 \hbar c}=\frac{1}{137}& \end{eqnarray*}\end{split}\]Note the conversion formulas
\[ q_HL=\sqrt{4 \pi} q_G = \frac{1}{\sqrt{\varepsilon_0}} q_{SI} \]as mentioned, e.g. in pg. 13 of D. Griffiths Intro to Elem. Particles.
-
const double
ec_gauss_fm2
= o2scl_mks::electron_charge * 1.0e-34 / o2scl_mks::plancks_constant_hbar¶ 1 \(\mathrm{Gauss}\) times the electron charge in Gaussian units in \(\mathrm{fm}^{-2}\)
-
const double
gauss2_fm4
= ec_gauss_fm2 * ec_gauss_fm2 / o2scl_const::fine_structure¶ Conversion factor from \( \mathrm{Gauss}^2 \) to \(\mathrm{fm}^{-4}\) in Gaussian units.
This is useful, e.g. in converting magnetic field squared to an energy density.
Particle masses from PDG (4/30/19)
-
const double
mass_lambda_MeV
= 1115.683¶ \( \Lambda \) hyperon mass in \( \mathrm{MeV} \)
-
const double
mass_sigma_minus_MeV
= 1197.449¶ \( \Sigma^{-} \) hyperon mass in \( \mathrm{MeV} \)
-
const double
mass_sigma_zero_MeV
= 1192.642¶ \( \Sigma^{0} \) hyperon mass in \( \mathrm{MeV} \)
-
const double
mass_sigma_plus_MeV
= 1189.37¶ \( \Sigma^{+} \) hyperon mass in \( \mathrm{MeV} \)
-
const double
mass_cascade_zero_MeV
= 1314.86¶ \( \Xi^{0} \) hyperon mass in \( \mathrm{MeV} \)
-
const double
mass_cascade_minus_MeV
= 1321.71¶ \( \Xi^{-} \) hyperon mass in \( \mathrm{MeV} \)
-
const double
mass_up_MeV
= 2.2¶ Up quark mass in \( \mathrm{MeV} \).
-
const double
mass_down_MeV
= 4.7¶ Down quark mass in \( \mathrm{MeV} \).
-
const double
mass_strange_MeV
= 95.0¶ Strange quark mass in \( \mathrm{MeV} \).
Functions
Variables
-
const double
yotta
= 1e24¶
-
const double
zetta
= 1e21¶
-
const double
exa
= 1e18¶
-
const double
peta
= 1e15¶
-
const double
tera
= 1e12¶
-
const double
giga
= 1e9¶
-
const double
mega
= 1e6¶
-
const double
kilo
= 1e3¶
-
const double
milli
= 1e-3¶
-
const double
micro
= 1e-6¶
-
const double
nano
= 1e-9¶
-
const double
pico
= 1e-12¶
-
const double
femto
= 1e-15¶
-
const double
atto
= 1e-18¶
-
const double
zepto
= 1e-21¶
-
const double
yocto
= 1e-24¶
-
const double
fine_structure
= 7.2973525693e-3¶ Fine structure constant (CODATA 2018 value)
-
const double
avogadro
= 6.02214076e23¶ Avogadro’s number (CODATA 2018 value; exact)
-
const double
pi
= boost::math::constants::pi<double>()¶ \( \pi \)
-
const double
pi2
= boost::math::constants::pi_sqr<double>()¶ \( \pi^2 \)
-
const double
root_pi
= boost::math::constants::root_pi<double>()¶ \( \sqrt{\pi} \)
-
const double
zeta32
= 2.6123753486854883433¶ \( \zeta(3/2) \)
-
const double
zeta2
= boost::math::constants::zeta_two<double>()¶ \( \zeta(2) \)
-
const double
zeta52
= 1.3414872572509171798¶ \( \zeta(5/2) \)
-
const double
zeta3
= boost::math::constants::zeta_three<double>()¶ \( \zeta(3) \)
-
const double
zeta5
= 1.0369277551433699263¶ \( \zeta(5) \)
-
const double
zeta7
= 1.0083492773819228268¶ \( \zeta(7) \)
-
const double
sin2_theta_weak
= 0.23122¶ \( \sin^2 \theta_W \) (PDG 2018 value)
-
const double
gfermi_gev2
= 1.1663787e-5¶ Fermi coupling constant in \( \mathrm{GeV}^{-2} \) (CODATA 2018 value)
-
const size_t
o2scl_mks
= 1¶ MKS units.
-
const size_t
o2scl_cgs
= 2¶ CGS units.
-
const double
hc_mev_fm
= hc_mev_fm_f<double>()¶ \( \hbar c \) in MeV fm (exact)
-
const double
Namespace o2scl_mks¶
-
namespace
o2scl_mks
¶ Constants in MKS units.
Where possible, constants here are defined in terms of the values in o2scl_cgs, in order to make it easier to update these values. See also the documentation at o2scl_cgs .
Fundamental constants
-
const double
speed_of_light
= o2scl_cgs::speed_of_light / 1.0e2¶ Speed of light in m / s.
-
const double
gravitational_constant
= o2scl_cgs::gravitational_constant / 1.0e3¶ Newtonian constant of gravitation in m^3 / kg s^2.
-
const double
plancks_constant_h
= o2scl_cgs::plancks_constant_h / 1.0e7¶ Planck constant in kg m^2 / s.
-
const double
plancks_constant_hbar
= o2scl_cgs::plancks_constant_hbar / 1.0e7¶ Planck constant divided by 2 pi in kg m^2 / s.
-
const double
electron_volt
= o2scl_cgs::electron_volt / 1.0e7¶ Electron volt in kg m^2 / s^2.
-
const double
bohr_radius
= o2scl_cgs::bohr_radius / 1.0e2¶ Bohr radius in m.
-
const double
stefan_boltzmann_constant
= o2scl_cgs::stefan_boltzmann_constant / 1.0e3¶ Stefan-Boltzmann constant in kg / K^4 s^3.
-
const double
thomson_cross_section
= o2scl_cgs::thomson_cross_section / 1.0e4¶ Thomson cross section in m^2.
Solar system properties
-
const double
solar_mass_parameter
= o2scl_cgs::solar_mass_parameter¶ Solar mass times gravitational constant in km^3 / s^2.
-
const double
solar_mass
= o2scl_cgs::solar_mass / 1.0e3¶ Mass of the sun in kg.
-
const double
solar_radius
= o2scl_cgs::solar_radius / 1.0e2¶ Radius of the sun in m.
-
const double
solar_temperature
= o2scl_cgs::solar_temperature¶ Temperature of the sun’s photosphere in K.
-
const double
solar_luminosity
= o2scl_cgs::solar_luminosity¶ Luminosity of sun in erg/s.
-
const double
earth_mass_parameter
= o2scl_cgs::earth_mass_parameter¶ Earth mass times gravitational constant in m^3 / s^2.
-
const double
earth_mass
= o2scl_cgs::earth_mass / 1.0e3¶ Mass of the earth in kg.
-
const double
earth_radius_equatorial
= o2scl_cgs::earth_radius_equatorial / 1.0e2¶ Equatorial radius of earth in m.
-
const double
earth_radius_polar
= o2scl_cgs::earth_radius_polar / 1.0e2¶ Polar radius of earth in m.
-
const double
jupiter_mass_parameter
= o2scl_cgs::jupiter_mass_parameter¶ Jupter mass times gravitational constant in m^3 / s^2.
-
const double
jupiter_mass
= o2scl_cgs::jupiter_mass / 1.0e3 / 1.0e2¶ Mass of jupiter in kg.
-
const double
jupiter_radius_equatorial
= o2scl_cgs::jupiter_radius_equatorial¶ Equatorial radius of jupiter in m.
-
const double
jupiter_radius_polar
= o2scl_cgs::jupiter_radius_polar / 1.0e2¶ Polar radius of jupiter in m.
-
const double
mercury_mass
= o2scl_cgs::mercury_mass / 1.0e3¶ Mass of mercury in kg.
-
const double
mercury_radius
= o2scl_cgs::mercury_radius / 1.0e2¶ Radius of mercury in m.
-
const double
venus_mass
= o2scl_cgs::venus_mass / 1.0e3¶ Mass of venus in kg.
-
const double
venus_radius
= o2scl_cgs::venus_radius / 1.0e2¶ Radius of venus in m.
-
const double
mars_radius_equatorial
= o2scl_cgs::mars_radius_equatorial / 1.0e2¶ Equatorial radius of mars in m.
-
const double
mars_radius_polar
= o2scl_cgs::mars_radius_polar / 1.0e2¶ Polar radius of mars in m.
-
const double
saturn_mass
= o2scl_cgs::saturn_mass / 1.0e3¶ Mass of saturn in kg.
-
const double
saturn_radius_equatorial
= o2scl_cgs::saturn_radius_equatorial / 1.0e2¶ Equatorial radius of saturn in m.
-
const double
saturn_radius_polar
= o2scl_cgs::saturn_radius_polar / 1.0e2¶ Polar radius of saturn in m.
-
const double
uranus_mass
= o2scl_cgs::uranus_mass / 1.0e3¶ Mass of uranus in kg.
-
const double
uranus_radius_equatorial
= o2scl_cgs::uranus_radius_equatorial / 1.0e2¶ Equatorial radius of uranus in m.
-
const double
uranus_radius_polar
= o2scl_cgs::uranus_radius_polar / 1.0e2¶ Polar radius of uranus in m.
-
const double
neptune_mass
= o2scl_cgs::neptune_mass / 1.0e3¶ Mass of neptune in kg.
-
const double
neptune_radius_equatorial
= o2scl_cgs::neptune_radius_equatorial / 1.0e2¶ Equatorial radius of neptune in m.
-
const double
neptune_radius_polar
= o2scl_cgs::neptune_radius_polar / 1.0e2¶ Polar radius of neptune in m.
-
const double
pluto_mass
= o2scl_cgs::pluto_mass / 1.0e3¶ Mass of pluto in kg.
-
const double
pluto_radius
= o2scl_cgs::pluto_radius / 1.0e2¶ Radius of pluto in m.
Astrophysical constants
-
const double
astronomical_unit
= o2scl_cgs::astronomical_unit / 1.0e2¶ Astronomical unit in m.
-
const double
grav_accel
= o2scl_cgs::grav_accel / 1.0e2¶ Acccleration due to gravity in m / s^2.
-
const double
schwarzchild_radius
= o2scl_cgs::schwarzchild_radius / 1.0e2¶ Schwarzchild radius in m.
-
const double
sidereal_year
= o2scl_cgs::sidereal_year¶ Sidereal year in s.
-
const double
tropical_year
= o2scl_cgs::tropical_year¶ Tropical year in s.
-
const double
julian_year
= o2scl_cgs::julian_year¶ Julian year in s.
-
const double
light_year
= o2scl_cgs::light_year / 1.0e2¶ Light year in \( \mathrm{m} \).
Particle masses
-
const double
mass_electron
= o2scl_cgs::mass_electron / 1.0e3¶ Electron mass in kg.
-
const double
mass_proton
= o2scl_cgs::mass_proton / 1.0e3¶ Proton mass in kg.
-
const double
mass_neutron
= o2scl_cgs::mass_neutron / 1.0e3¶ Neutron mass in kg.
Nuclear masses
-
const double
mass_deuteron
= o2scl_cgs::mass_deuteron / 1.0e3¶ Deuteron mass in kg.
-
const double
mass_triton
= o2scl_cgs::mass_triton / 1.0e3¶ Triton mass in kg.
-
const double
mass_helion
= o2scl_cgs::mass_helion / 1.0e3¶ Helion mass in kg.
-
const double
mass_alpha
= o2scl_cgs::mass_alpha / 1.0e3¶ Alpha particle mass in kg.
-
const double
unified_atomic_mass
= o2scl_cgs::unified_atomic_mass / 1.0e3¶ Atomic mass constant in kg.
Chemical constants
-
const double
standard_gas_volume
= o2scl_cgs::standard_gas_volume / 1.0e6¶ m^3 / mol
Unit conversions
-
const double
nautical_mile
= o2scl_cgs::nautical_mile * 1.0e-2¶ m
-
const double
fluid_ounce
= o2scl_cgs::fluid_ounce * 1.0e-6¶ m^3
-
const double
tablespoon
= o2scl_cgs::tablespoon * 1.0e-6¶ m^3
-
const double
canadian_gallon
= o2scl_cgs::canadian_gallon * 1.0e-6¶ m^3
-
const double
miles_per_hour
= o2scl_cgs::miles_per_hour * 1.0e-2¶ m / s
-
const double
kilometers_per_hour
= o2scl_cgs::kilometers_per_hour * 1.0e-2¶ m / s
-
const double
pound_mass
= o2scl_cgs::pound_mass * 1.0e-3¶ kg
-
const double
ounce_mass
= o2scl_cgs::ounce_mass * 1.0e-3¶ kg
-
const double
metric_ton
= o2scl_cgs::metric_ton * 1.0e-3¶ kg
-
const double
troy_ounce
= o2scl_cgs::troy_ounce * 1.0e-3¶ kg
-
const double
gram_force
= o2scl_cgs::gram_force * 1.0e-5¶ kg m / s^2
-
const double
pound_force
= o2scl_cgs::pound_force * 1.0e-5¶ kg m / s^2
-
const double
kilopound_force
= o2scl_cgs::kilopound_force * 1.0e-5¶ kg m / s^2
-
const double
horsepower
= o2scl_cgs::horsepower * 1.0e-7¶ kg m^2 / s^3
-
const double
std_atmosphere
= o2scl_cgs::std_atmosphere * 1.0e-1¶ kg / m s^2
-
const double
meter_of_mercury
= o2scl_cgs::meter_of_mercury * 1.0e-1¶ kg / m s^2
-
const double
inch_of_mercury
= o2scl_cgs::inch_of_mercury * 1.0e-1¶ kg / m s^2
-
const double
inch_of_water
= o2scl_cgs::inch_of_water * 1.0e-1¶ kg / m s^2
-
const double
gauss
= 1.0e-4¶ kg / A s^2
-
const double
footcandle
= o2scl_cgs::footcandle * 1.0e4¶ cd sr / m^2
-
const double
footlambert
= o2scl_cgs::footlambert * 1.0e4¶ cd sr / m^2
ELectromagnetic constants
-
const double
electron_magnetic_moment
= o2scl_cgsm::electron_magnetic_moment / 1.0e3¶ A m^2.
-
const double
proton_magnetic_moment
= o2scl_cgsm::proton_magnetic_moment / 1.0e3¶ A m^2.
-
const double
bohr_magneton
= o2scl_cgsm::bohr_magneton / 1.0e3¶ Bohr magneton in A m^2.
-
const double
nuclear_magneton
= o2scl_cgsm::nuclear_magneton / 1.0e3¶ A m^2.
-
const double
vacuum_permittivity
= 1.0 / o2scl_mks::speed_of_light / o2scl_mks::speed_of_light / 4.0e-7 / o2scl_const::pi¶ A^2 s^4 / kg m^3 (derived)
-
const double
vacuum_permeability
= 4.0 * o2scl_const::pi * 1.00000000082e-7¶ Vacuum permeability in kg m / A^2 s^2 (being redefined as of 5/20, this value is from Wikipedia)
-
const double
faraday
= o2scl_cgsm::faraday * 10.0¶ A s / mol.
-
const double
electron_charge
= o2scl_cgsm::electron_charge * 1.0e1¶ A s (derived)
-
const double
Namespace o2scl_cgs¶
-
namespace
o2scl_cgs
¶ Constants in CGS units.
CODATA 2014 values were from Mohr16. CODATA 2018 values are from physics.nist.gov/constants. IAU 2015 values are the nominal values from arXiv:1510.07674 and arXiv:1605.09788 .
Fundamental constants
-
const double
speed_of_light
= 2.99792458e10¶ Speed of light in \( \mathrm{cm}/\mathrm{s} \) (exact)
-
const double
gravitational_constant
= 6.67430e-8¶ Newtonian constant of gravitation in cm^3 / g s^2 (CODATA 2018 value)
-
const double
plancks_constant_h
= 6.62607015e-27¶ Planck constant in g cm^2 / s (CODATA 2018 value; exact)
-
const double
plancks_constant_hbar
= o2scl_cgs::plancks_constant_h / 2.0 / o2scl_const::pi¶ Planck constant divided by 2 pi in g cm^2 / s (derived)
-
const double
electron_volt
= 1.602176634e-12¶ Electron volt in g cm^2 / s^2 (CODATA 2018; exact)
-
const double
boltzmann
= 1.380649e-16¶ Boltzmann constant in g cm^2 / K s^2 (CODATA 2018; exact)
-
const double
bohr_radius
= 5.29177210903e-9¶ Bohr radius in cm (CODATA 2018 value)
-
const double
stefan_boltzmann_constant
= o2scl_const::pi * o2scl_const::pi * o2scl_cgs::boltzmann * o2scl_cgs::boltzmann * o2scl_cgs::boltzmann * o2scl_cgs::boltzmann / 60.0 / o2scl_cgs::plancks_constant_hbar / o2scl_cgs::plancks_constant_hbar / o2scl_cgs::plancks_constant_hbar / o2scl_cgs::speed_of_light / o2scl_cgs::speed_of_light¶ Stefan-Boltzmann constant in g / K^4 s^3 (CODATA 2018; derived; exact)
-
const double
thomson_cross_section
= 6.6524587321e-25¶ Thomson cross section in cm^2 (CODATA 2018 value)
-
const double
gfermi
= o2scl_const::gfermi_gev2 * 1.0e-18 / o2scl_cgs::electron_volt / o2scl_cgs::electron_volt¶ Fermi coupling constant in s^4 / cm^4 g^2 (derived from CODATA 2018 value)
Solar system properties
-
const double
solar_mass_parameter
= 1.3271244e26¶ Solar mass times gravitational constant in cm^3 / s^2 (IAU 2015 value)
Note that this value differs slightly in Barycentric Coordinate Time and Barycentric Dynamical Time. This is the IAU’s nominal value.
-
const double
solar_mass
= solar_mass_parameter / gravitational_constant¶ Mass of the sun in g (derived)
-
const double
solar_radius
= 6.957e10¶ Radius of the sun in cm (IAU 2015 value)
-
const double
solar_temperature
= 5772.0¶ Temperature of the sun’s photosphere in K (IAU 2015 value)
-
const double
solar_luminosity
= 3.828e40¶ Luminosity of sun in erg/s (IAU 2015 value)
-
const double
earth_mass_parameter
= 3.986004e20¶ Earth mass times gravitational constant in cm^3 / s^2 (IAU 2015 value)
-
const double
earth_mass
= earth_mass_parameter / gravitational_constant¶ Mass of the earth in g (derived)
-
const double
earth_radius_equatorial
= 6.3781e8¶ Equatorial radius of earth in cm (IAU 2015 value)
-
const double
earth_radius_polar
= 6.3568e8¶ Polar radius of earth in cm (IAU 2015 value)
-
const double
jupiter_mass_parameter
= 1.2668653e23¶ Jupter mass times gravitational constant in cm^3 / s^2 (IAU 2015 value)
-
const double
jupiter_mass
= jupiter_mass_parameter / gravitational_constant¶ Mass of jupiter in g (derived)
-
const double
jupiter_radius_equatorial
= 7.1492e9¶ Equatorial radius of jupiter in cm (IAU 2015 value)
-
const double
jupiter_radius_polar
= 6.6854e9¶ Polar radius of jupiter in cm (IAU 2015 value)
-
const double
mercury_mass
= 3.3011e26¶ Mass of mercury in g.
-
const double
mercury_radius
= 2.4397e8¶ Radius of mercury in cm.
-
const double
venus_mass
= 7.8675e27¶ Mass of venus in g.
-
const double
venus_radius
= 6.0518e8¶ Radius of venus in cm.
-
const double
mars_mass
= 6.4171e26¶ Mass of mars in g.
-
const double
mars_radius_equatorial
= 3.3962e8¶ Equatorial radius of mars in cm.
-
const double
mars_radius_polar
= 3.3762e8¶ Polar radius of mars in cm.
-
const double
saturn_mass
= 5.6834e29¶ Mass of saturn in g.
-
const double
saturn_radius_equatorial
= 6.0268e9¶ Equatorial radius of saturn in cm.
-
const double
saturn_radius_polar
= 5.4364e9¶ Polar radius of saturn in cm.
-
const double
uranus_mass
= 8.6810e28¶ Mass of uranus in g.
-
const double
uranus_radius_equatorial
= 2.5559e9¶ Equatorial radius of uranus in cm.
-
const double
uranus_radius_polar
= 2.4973e9¶ Polar radius of uranus in cm.
-
const double
neptune_mass
= 1.02413e29¶ Mass of neptune in g.
-
const double
neptune_radius_equatorial
= 2.4764e9¶ Equatorial radius of neptune in cm.
-
const double
neptune_radius_polar
= 2.4341e9¶ Polar radius of neptune in cm.
-
const double
pluto_mass
= 1.303e25¶ Mass of pluto in g.
-
const double
pluto_radius
= 1.1883e8¶ Radius of pluto in cm.
Astrophysical constants
-
const double
astronomical_unit
= 1.495978707e13¶ Astronomical unit in cm (IAU 2009 value; now exact)
-
const double
parsec
= o2scl_cgs::astronomical_unit * 648000.0 / o2scl_const::pi¶ Parsec in \( \mathrm{cm} \) (derived; exact)
-
const double
grav_accel
= 9.80665e2¶ Acccleration due to gravity in cm / s^2 (CODATA 2018; now exact)
-
const double
schwarzchild_radius
= 2.0 * o2scl_cgs::solar_mass_parameter / o2scl_cgs::speed_of_light / o2scl_cgs::speed_of_light¶ Schwarzchild radius in cm (derived)
-
const double
sidereal_year
= 365.256363004 * 8.64e4¶ Sidereal year in s (from http://hpiers.obspm.fr/eop-pc/models/constants.html)
-
const double
tropical_year
= 365.242190402 * 8.64e4¶ Tropical year in s (from http://hpiers.obspm.fr/eop-pc/models/constants.html)
-
const double
julian_year
= 365.25 * 8.64e4¶ Julian year in s (exact)
-
const double
light_year
= o2scl_cgs::julian_year * o2scl_cgs::speed_of_light¶ Light year in \( \mathrm{cm} \) (derived; exact)
Particle masses
-
const double
mass_electron
= 9.1093837015e-28¶ Electron mass in g (CODATA 2018 value)
-
const double
mass_muon
= 1.883531627e-25¶ Muon mass in g (CODATA 2018 value)
-
const double
mass_tau
= 3.16754e-24¶ Muon mass in g (CODATA 2018 value)
-
const double
mass_proton
= 1.67262192369e-24¶ Proton mass in g (CODATA 2018 value)
-
const double
mass_neutron
= 1.67492749804e-24¶ Neutron mass in g (CODATA 2018 value)
Nuclear masses
-
const double
mass_deuteron
= 3.3435837724e-24¶ Deuteron mass in kg (CODATA 2018 value)
-
const double
mass_triton
= 5.0073567446e-24¶ Triton mass in kg (CODATA 2018 value)
-
const double
mass_helion
= 5.0064127796e-24¶ Helion mass in kg (CODATA 2018 value)
-
const double
mass_alpha
= 6.6446573357e-24¶ Alpha particle mass in kg (CODATA 2018 value)
-
const double
unified_atomic_mass
= 1.6605390666e-24¶ Atomic mass constant in g (CODATA 2018 value)
Chemical constants
-
const double
rydberg
= 2.1798723611035e-11¶ Rydberg constant in g cm^2 / s^2 (CODATA 2018 value)
-
const double
molar_gas
= o2scl_const::avogadro * o2scl_cgs::boltzmann¶ Molar gas constant, “R”, in g cm^2 / K mol s^2 (CODATA 2018; exact; derived)
-
const double
standard_gas_volume
= 2.271095464e4¶ Molar volume of ideal gas at standard T and P in cm^3 / mol (CODATA 2018 value)
Unit conversions
-
const double
minute
= 6e1¶ s
-
const double
hour
= 3.6e3¶ s
-
const double
day
= 8.64e4¶ s
-
const double
week
= 6.048e5¶ s
-
const double
inch
= 2.54e0¶ cm
-
const double
foot
= 3.048e1¶ cm
-
const double
yard
= 9.144e1¶ cm
-
const double
mile
= 1.609344e5¶ cm
-
const double
nautical_mile
= 1.852e5¶ cm
-
const double
fathom
= 1.8288e2¶ cm
-
const double
mil
= 2.54e-3¶ cm
-
const double
point
= 3175.0 / 90000.0¶ cm
-
const double
texpoint
= 3.51459803515e-2¶ cm
-
const double
micron
= 1e-4¶ cm
-
const double
angstrom
= 1e-8¶ cm
-
const double
hectare
= 1e8¶ cm^2
-
const double
acre
= 4.04685642241e7¶ cm^2
-
const double
barn
= 1e-24¶ cm^2
-
const double
liter
= 1e3¶ cm^3
-
const double
us_gallon
= 3.78541178402e3¶ cm^3
-
const double
quart
= 9.46352946004e2¶ cm^3
-
const double
pint
= 4.73176473002e2¶ cm^3
-
const double
cup
= 2.36588236501e2¶ cm^3
-
const double
fluid_ounce
= 2.95735295626e1¶ cm^3
-
const double
tablespoon
= 1.47867647813e1¶ cm^3
-
const double
teaspoon
= 4.92892159375e0¶ cm^3
-
const double
canadian_gallon
= 4.54609e3¶ cm^3
-
const double
uk_gallon
= 4.546092e3¶ cm^3
-
const double
miles_per_hour
= 4.4704e1¶ cm / s
-
const double
kilometers_per_hour
= 250.0 / 9.0¶ cm / s
-
const double
knot
= 463.0 / 9.0¶ cm / s
-
const double
pound_mass
= 4.5359237e2¶ g
-
const double
ounce_mass
= 2.8349523125e1¶ g
-
const double
ton
= 9.0718474e5¶ g
-
const double
metric_ton
= 1e6¶ g
-
const double
uk_ton
= 1.0160469088e6¶ g
-
const double
troy_ounce
= 3.1103475e1¶ g
-
const double
carat
= 2e-1¶ g
-
const double
gram_force
= 9.80665e2¶ cm g / s^2
-
const double
pound_force
= 4.44822161526e5¶ cm g / s^2
-
const double
kilopound_force
= 4.44822161526e8¶ cm g / s^2
-
const double
poundal
= 1.38255e4¶ cm g / s^2
-
const double
calorie
= 4.1868e7¶ g cm^2 / s^2
-
const double
btu
= 1.05505585262e10¶ g cm^2 / s^2
-
const double
therm
= 1.05506e15¶ g cm^2 / s^2
-
const double
horsepower
= 7.457e9¶ g cm^2 / s^3
-
const double
bar
= 1e6¶ g / cm s^2
-
const double
std_atmosphere
= 1.01325e6¶ g / cm s^2
-
const double
torr
= 1.33322368421e3¶ g / cm s^2
-
const double
meter_of_mercury
= 1.33322368421e6¶ g / cm s^2
-
const double
inch_of_mercury
= 3.38638815789e4¶ g / cm s^2
-
const double
inch_of_water
= 2.490889e3¶ g / cm s^2
-
const double
psi
= 6.89475729317e4¶ g / cm s^2
-
const double
poise
= 1e0¶ g / cm s
-
const double
stokes
= 1e0¶ cm^2 / s
-
const double
stilb
= 1e0¶ cd / cm^2
-
const double
lumen
= 1e0¶ cd sr
-
const double
lux
= 1e-4¶ cd sr / cm^2
-
const double
phot
= 1e0¶ cd sr / cm^2
-
const double
footcandle
= 1.076e-3¶ cd sr / cm^2
-
const double
lambert
= 1e0¶ cd sr / cm^2
-
const double
footlambert
= 1.07639104e-3¶ cd sr / cm^2
-
const double
curie
= 3.7e10¶ 1 / s
-
const double
rad
= 1e2¶ cm^2 / s^2
-
const double
newton
= 1e5¶ cm g / s^2
-
const double
dyne
= 1e0¶ cm g / s^2
-
const double
joule
= 1e7¶ g cm^2 / s^2
-
const double
erg
= 1e0¶ g cm^2 / s^2
Electromagnetic constants
-
const double
roentgen
= 2.58e-7¶ A s / g.
-
const double
Namespace o2scl_cgsm¶
-
namespace
o2scl_cgsm
¶ Constants in CGSM units.
Where possible, constants here are defined in terms of the values in o2scl_cgs, in order to make it easier to update these values. See also the documentation at o2scl_cgs .
Fundamental constants
-
const double
speed_of_light
= o2scl_cgs::speed_of_light¶ Speed of light in cm / s.
-
const double
gravitational_constant
= o2scl_cgs::gravitational_constant¶ Newtonian constant of gravitation in cm^3 / g s^2.
-
const double
plancks_constant_h
= o2scl_cgs::plancks_constant_h¶ Planck constant in g cm^2 / s.
-
const double
plancks_constant_hbar
= o2scl_cgs::plancks_constant_hbar¶ Planck constant divided by 2 pi in g cm^2 / s.
-
const double
electron_volt
= o2scl_cgs::electron_volt¶ Electron volt in g cm^2 / s^2.
-
const double
bohr_radius
= o2scl_cgs::bohr_radius¶ Bohr radius in cm.
-
const double
stefan_boltzmann_constant
= o2scl_cgs::stefan_boltzmann_constant¶ Stefan-Boltzmann constant in g / K^4 s^3.
-
const double
thomson_cross_section
= o2scl_cgs::thomson_cross_section¶ Thomson cross section in cm^2.
Solar system properties
-
const double
solar_mass_parameter
= o2scl_cgs::solar_mass_parameter¶ Solar mass times gravitational constant in cm^3 / s^2 (IAU 2015 value)
Note that this value differs slightly in Barycentric Coordinate Time and Barycentric Dynamical Time. This is the IAU’s nominal value.
-
const double
solar_mass
= o2scl_cgs::solar_mass¶ Mass of the sun in g (derived)
-
const double
solar_radius
= o2scl_cgs::solar_radius¶ Radius of the sun in cm (IAU 2015 value)
-
const double
solar_temperature
= o2scl_cgs::solar_temperature¶ Temperature of the sun’s photosphere in K (IAU 2015 value)
-
const double
solar_luminosity
= o2scl_cgs::solar_luminosity¶ Luminosity of sun in erg/s (IAU 2015 value)
-
const double
earth_mass_parameter
= o2scl_cgs::earth_mass_parameter¶ Earth mass times gravitational constant in cm^3 / s^2 (IAU 2015 value)
-
const double
earth_mass
= o2scl_cgs::earth_mass¶ Mass of the earth in g (derived)
-
const double
earth_radius_equatorial
= o2scl_cgs::earth_radius_equatorial¶ Equatorial radius of earth in cm (IAU 2015 value)
-
const double
earth_radius_polar
= o2scl_cgs::earth_radius_polar¶ Polar radius of earth in cm (IAU 2015 value)
-
const double
jupiter_mass_parameter
= o2scl_cgs::jupiter_mass_parameter¶ Jupter mass times gravitational constant in cm^3 / s^2 (IAU 2015 value)
-
const double
jupiter_mass
= o2scl_cgs::jupiter_mass¶ Mass of jupiter in g (derived)
-
const double
jupiter_radius_equatorial
= o2scl_cgs::jupiter_radius_equatorial¶ Equatorial radius of jupiter in cm (IAU 2015 value)
-
const double
jupiter_radius_polar
= o2scl_cgs::jupiter_radius_polar¶ Polar radius of jupiter in cm (IAU 2015 value)
-
const double
mercury_mass
= o2scl_cgs::mercury_mass¶ Mass of mercury in g.
-
const double
mercury_radius
= o2scl_cgs::mercury_radius¶ Radius of mercury in cm.
-
const double
venus_mass
= o2scl_cgs::venus_mass¶ Mass of venus in g.
-
const double
venus_radius
= o2scl_cgs::venus_radius¶ Radius of venus in cm.
-
const double
mars_radius_equatorial
= o2scl_cgs::mars_radius_equatorial¶ Equatorial radius of mars in cm.
-
const double
mars_radius_polar
= o2scl_cgs::mars_radius_polar¶ Polar radius of mars in cm.
-
const double
saturn_mass
= o2scl_cgs::saturn_mass¶ Mass of saturn in g.
-
const double
saturn_radius_equatorial
= o2scl_cgs::saturn_radius_equatorial¶ Equatorial radius of saturn in cm.
-
const double
saturn_radius_polar
= o2scl_cgs::saturn_radius_polar¶ Polar radius of saturn in cm.
-
const double
uranus_mass
= o2scl_cgs::uranus_mass¶ Mass of uranus in g.
-
const double
uranus_radius_equatorial
= o2scl_cgs::uranus_radius_equatorial¶ Equatorial radius of uranus in cm.
-
const double
uranus_radius_polar
= o2scl_cgs::uranus_radius_polar¶ Polar radius of uranus in cm.
-
const double
neptune_mass
= o2scl_cgs::neptune_mass¶ Mass of neptune in g.
-
const double
neptune_radius_equatorial
= o2scl_cgs::neptune_radius_equatorial¶ Equatorial radius of neptune in cm.
-
const double
neptune_radius_polar
= o2scl_cgs::neptune_radius_polar¶ Polar radius of neptune in cm.
-
const double
pluto_mass
= o2scl_cgs::pluto_mass¶ Mass of pluto in g.
-
const double
pluto_radius
= o2scl_cgs::pluto_radius¶ Radius of pluto in cm.
Astrophysical constants
-
const double
astronomical_unit
= o2scl_cgs::astronomical_unit¶ Astronomical unit in cm (IAU 2009 value; now exact)
-
const double
grav_accel
= o2scl_cgs::grav_accel¶ Acccleration due to gravity in cm / s^2 (CODATA 2018; now exact)
-
const double
schwarzchild_radius
= o2scl_cgs::schwarzchild_radius¶ Schwarzchild radius in cm (derived)
-
const double
sidereal_year
= o2scl_cgs::sidereal_year¶ Sidereal year in s (from http://hpiers.obspm.fr/eop-pc/models/constants.html)
-
const double
tropical_year
= o2scl_cgs::tropical_year¶ Tropical year in s (from http://hpiers.obspm.fr/eop-pc/models/constants.html)
-
const double
julian_year
= o2scl_cgs::julian_year¶ Julian year in s (exact)
-
const double
light_year
= o2scl_cgs::light_year¶ Light year in \( \mathrm{cm} \) (derived; exact)
Particle masses
-
const double
mass_electron
= o2scl_cgs::mass_electron¶ Electron mass in g.
-
const double
mass_proton
= o2scl_cgs::mass_proton¶ Proton mass in g.
-
const double
mass_neutron
= o2scl_cgs::mass_neutron¶ Neutron mass in g.
Nuclear masses
-
const double
mass_deuteron
= o2scl_cgs::mass_deuteron¶ Deuteron mass in g.
-
const double
mass_triton
= o2scl_cgs::mass_triton¶ Triton mass in g.
-
const double
mass_helion
= o2scl_cgs::mass_helion¶ Helion mass in g.
-
const double
mass_alpha
= o2scl_cgs::mass_alpha¶ Alpha particle mass in g.
-
const double
unified_atomic_mass
= o2scl_cgs::unified_atomic_mass¶ Atomic mass constant in g.
Chemical constants
-
const double
standard_gas_volume
= o2scl_cgs::standard_gas_volume¶ Molar volume of ideal gas at standard T and P in cm^3 / mol.
Unit conversions
-
const double
nautical_mile
= o2scl_cgs::nautical_mile¶ cm
-
const double
fluid_ounce
= o2scl_cgs::fluid_ounce¶ cm^3
-
const double
tablespoon
= o2scl_cgs::tablespoon¶ cm^3
-
const double
canadian_gallon
= o2scl_cgs::canadian_gallon¶ cm^3
-
const double
miles_per_hour
= o2scl_cgs::miles_per_hour¶ cm / s
-
const double
kilometers_per_hour
= o2scl_cgs::kilometers_per_hour¶ cm / s
-
const double
pound_mass
= o2scl_cgs::pound_mass¶ g
-
const double
ounce_mass
= o2scl_cgs::ounce_mass¶ g
-
const double
metric_ton
= o2scl_cgs::metric_ton¶ g
-
const double
troy_ounce
= o2scl_cgs::troy_ounce¶ g
-
const double
gram_force
= o2scl_cgs::gram_force¶ cm g / s^2
-
const double
pound_force
= o2scl_cgs::pound_force¶ cm g / s^2
-
const double
kilopound_force
= o2scl_cgs::kilopound_force¶ cm g / s^2
-
const double
horsepower
= o2scl_cgs::horsepower¶ g cm^2 / s^3
-
const double
std_atmosphere
= o2scl_cgs::std_atmosphere¶ g / cm s^2
-
const double
meter_of_mercury
= o2scl_cgs::meter_of_mercury¶ g / cm s^2
-
const double
inch_of_mercury
= o2scl_cgs::inch_of_mercury¶ g / cm s^2
-
const double
inch_of_water
= o2scl_cgs::inch_of_water¶ g / cm s^2
-
const double
footcandle
= o2scl_cgs::footcandle¶ cd sr / cm^2
-
const double
footlambert
= o2scl_cgs::footlambert¶ cd sr / cm^2
Electromagnetic constants
-
const double
electron_magnetic_moment
= 9.2847647043e-21¶ Electron magnetic moment in abamp cm^2 (CODATA 2018 value)
-
const double
proton_magnetic_moment
= 1.41060679736e-23¶ Proton magnetic moment in abamp cm^2 (CODATA 2018 value)
-
const double
bohr_magneton
= 9.2740100783e-21¶ Bohr magneton in abamp cm^2 (CODATA 2018 value)
-
const double
nuclear_magneton
= 5.0507837461e-24¶ Nuclear magneton in abamp cm^2 (CODATA 2018 value)
-
const double
faraday
= o2scl_const::avogadro * o2scl_cgs::electron_volt / 1.0e8¶ Faraday constant in abamp s / mol (CODATA 2018 value; derived; exact)
-
const double
electron_charge
= electron_volt * 1.0e-8¶ Electron charge in abamp s (derived)
-
const double